Next Scientists Conferences

PRAGMATIC POSSIBILITIES OF DIALECTISMS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GULJAMOL ASQAROVA'S POETRY)

Azimova Dilobar Shermamat kyzy — 2026-06-24

This article examines the pragmatic possibilities of dialectisms in Uzbek poetry based on the works of Guljamol Asqarova. The study analyzes the artistic and aesthetic functions of dialectal units, their role in increasing the expressiveness of poetic texts, and their contribution to creating national color. The research reveals that dialectisms serve not only as indicators of regional linguistic features but also as pragmatic tools that help the author achieve communicative goals and influence readers.

PSYCHOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS IN MODERNIST PROSE: THE ROLE OF INNER MONOLOGUE IN THE WORKS OF FRANZ KAFKA AND JAMES JOYCE

Sarvinoz Narzulloyevna Oripova — 2026-07-05

This article examines the psychological representation of human consciousness in modernist prose through the works of Franz Kafka and James Joyce. The research focuses on the artistic methods used by these writers to reveal the inner world of literary characters, including psychological analysis, inner monologue, symbolism, and the stream of consciousness technique. Modernist literature introduced new principles of character creation by emphasizing individual emotions, memories, fears, and existential experiences rather than only external events. Franz Kafka’s prose reflects the tragic aspects of human existence, alienation, loneliness, and the individual’s struggle with an incomprehensible social environment. James Joyce, as one of the founders of modernist narrative techniques, developed the method of stream of consciousness, allowing the reader to follow the natural flow of human thoughts and emotions

INFORMATION CONSUMPTION CULTURE AND THE MORAL WORLDVIEW OF YOUTH

Sariboyeva Shaxnoza Xasanboyevna — 2026-06-15

This article analyzes information consumption culture as a multidimensional social, pedagogical and ethical phenomenon that directly affects the moral worldview of young people. In the contemporary digital environment, information is no longer a neutral object of reception; it becomes a formative medium through which youth interpret social reality, construct identity, compare values and define responsible conduct. The article argues that a mature culture of information consumption includes critical verification, axiological selection, communicative responsibility, emotional self-regulation and digital security. The study also links Uzbek scholarly approaches to international debates on networked youth, technological dependence and media literacy.

Neurological Deficit and Cerebral Hemodynamic Characteristics in Patients with Carotid Territory Ischemic Stroke According to Previous Transient Ischemic Attacks

N.A. Alikulova — 2026-07-05

Background: Previous transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are considered an important predictor of subsequent ischemic stroke and may influence the severity of neurological impairment through alterations in cerebral hemodynamics. However, their impact on neurological deficits and vascular reactivity during the acute phase of carotid territory ischemic stroke remains insufficiently characterized.

Objective: To evaluate the association between previous transient ischemic attacks and neurological status, cerebral blood flow parameters, and vascular reactivity in patients with first-ever carotid territory ischemic stroke.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 74 patients admitted with first-ever acute carotid territory ischemic stroke. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (n = 40) or absence (n = 34) of previous TIAs. A control group comprised 20 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Neurological severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI). Cerebral hemodynamics were evaluated by duplex ultrasonography of the brachiocephalic arteries with functional compression testing. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Patients with previous TIAs demonstrated significantly greater neurological impairment than those without TIAs. The mean NIHSS score was 12.3 ± 3.6 versus 10.5 ± 4.1 (p = 0.023), while the mean mRS score was 3.7 ± 1.4 versus 2.4 ± 1.7 (p = 0.015). Functional mobility was significantly lower in patients with previous TIAs (RMI: 10.3 ± 2.6 vs. 12.3 ± 3.2; p = 0.032). Duplex ultrasonography revealed significantly reduced post-compression blood flow velocity in the common carotid artery among patients with previous TIAs (42.3 ± 8.1 cm/s vs. 50.5 ± 10.2 cm/s; p < 0.01). These patients also exhibited impaired vascular reactivity, reduced arterial elasticity, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and delayed recovery following compression, indicating diminished cerebrovascular reserve.

Conclusion: A history of transient ischemic attacks is associated with more severe neurological deficits and impaired cerebral hemodynamics in patients with first-ever carotid territory ischemic stroke. Previous TIAs appear to reflect progressive cerebrovascular dysfunction rather than a protective ischemic preconditioning effect. Assessment of cerebral blood flow and vascular reactivity may improve early prognostic evaluation and support individualized therapeutic and secondary prevention strategies.

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING VIRTUAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN FUTURE TEACHERS BASED ON DEONTOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION

Sulaymanbekov Oybek Dusbekovich — 2026-06-24

In the era of digitalization, the digital transformation of the education system has made improving the professional skills of future teachers an urgent problem. Virtual communication — communication carried out through chat, video conferences, forums and social networks — has become an essential part of the pedagogical process. This article analyzes the pedagogical concept of virtual communication, the theoretical foundations of the deontological approach and the mechanisms for integrating them in the context of digitalization. The article focuses on the following issues: the ethics and norms of virtual communication; the professional duties and responsibilities of teachers; methods of integrating deontological principles into the digital educational process; the development of trainings and educational modules; assessment and monitoring systems. Literature analysis, questionnaires and focus groups, and expert evaluations were used as research methods. The results show that educational modules and practical classes developed on the basis of the deontological approach significantly improve the virtual communication culture, empathy and professional boundaries of future teachers. The article proposes mechanisms for the formation of digital pedagogical competencies and methodological approaches to their integration into the educational process.

PECULIAR FEATURES OF CEREBRAL PERFUSION IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

Shahboz Abdusodikovich Bobojonov — 2026-07-05

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose metabolism. Although traditionally associated with middle-aged and elderly populations, the prevalence of MetS among young adults has increased significantly over recent decades. Early vascular dysfunction caused by MetS may adversely affect cerebral blood circulation before the appearance of clinically evident cerebrovascular diseases. Cerebral perfusion abnormalities represent one of the earliest manifestations of vascular impairment and may contribute to cognitive decline and increased risk of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the specific characteristics of cerebral perfusion in young patients with metabolic syndrome and discusses the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and clinical significance.

Developing Research Skills Through Online Platforms

Mamatova Go‘zaloy Jo‘ramirzayevna — 2026-07-02

This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of methods for developing research skills through online platforms.

MODERN METHODS OF DEVELOPING VISUAL THINKING IN FINE ARTS EDUCATION (INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL AND TRADITIONAL APPROACHES)

Rustamov Kamoliddin Ziyodulla o‘g‘li — 2026-06-24

This article provides an in-depth analysis of modern methods for developing visual thinking in fine arts education. The theoretical foundations of the concept of visual thinking, its pedagogical significance, and methods of application in the modern educational process are highlighted. An effective methodological model based on the integration of traditional and digital approaches is also proposed.

THE ROLE OF HAND GESTURES IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE

Rahmonkulova Maftunakhon — 2026-07-05

This article discusses the importance of hand gestures as one of the oldest and most effective forms of human communication. It explains how gestures were used before spoken language developed and how they continue to play an essential role in modern life. The article describes different types of hand gestures, including greeting gestures, gestures of agreement and refusal, directional gestures, and professional gestures used in various fields such as education, medicine, sports, and the military.

Special attention is given to the role of gestures in sign language for people with hearing or speech difficulties. The article also examines how the same gesture can have different meanings in different countries depending on cultural traditions and social values. Examples from various nations are provided to show the importance of understanding gestures in international communication.

PEDAGOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS' COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS BASED ON A COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH

Isaboyeva Dilyora Zokirjon kizi — 2026-06-26

This article analyzes the pedagogical mechanisms for developing students’ communicative skills based on a competency-based approach. In the modern education system, the formation of communicative competence plays a significant role in students’ personal, social, and professional activities. The study highlights the pedagogical conditions, interactive methods, collaborative learning technologies, and didactic opportunities of competency-oriented education that contribute to the development of communicative skills. Furthermore, effective mechanisms aimed at fostering students’ communication culture, critical thinking, teamwork, and the ability to express their opinions freely are identified. The research findings demonstrate the importance of the competency-based approach in improving educational quality and enhancing students’ communicative competence.

THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT ON THE INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES

Raxmatjonova Azizaxon — 2026-07-05

This thesis examines how government support influences innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises. It considers financial assistance, tax incentives, advisory services, innovation infrastructure, public procurement, and cooperation with research institutions. A qualitative review and comparative analysis of international reports and academic studies were used. The findings show that effective public support can reduce innovation risks, improve access to technology and knowledge, and accelerate the commercialization of new products and processes. Its impact, however, depends on transparent selection, accessible procedures, institutional coordination, managerial competence, and systematic evaluation. Fragmented programmes, excessive bureaucracy, and poorly targeted subsidies may weaken results. The study concludes that government intervention is most effective when finance is combined with skills development, networking, digital infrastructure, and market-oriented measures.

METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING ANALYTICAL THINKING BASED ON A MENTORING APPROACH IN TEACHING THE SUBJECT OF HYGIENE IN A DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

Osbayov Muhammadjon Imaraliyevich — 2026-06-24

This study examines the methodological foundations for developing analytical thinking through a mentoring approach in teaching Hygiene within a digital educational environment. The rapid development of digital technologies and the increasing role of innovative pedagogical methods require new approaches to improving students’ cognitive competencies. The research highlights the importance of mentoring as an effective educational strategy that promotes independent learning, critical analysis, problem-solving, and reflective thinking. Digital educational tools and interactive learning platforms provide opportunities for collaborative learning and personalized guidance, enabling students to analyze hygienic concepts and apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. The study identifies key pedagogical conditions, methods, and digital resources that contribute to the formation of analytical thinking skills. The findings indicate that integrating mentoring practices with digital learning technologies enhances students’ academic performance, motivation, and professional competence in the field of hygiene. The proposed methodological framework can serve as a basis for improving the quality of hygiene education and fostering higher-order thinking skills among learners.

Anthropocentric Linguistic Means Expressing Linguocultural and Pragmatic Orientation in English and Uzbek (Based on Emotional Units)

Sabirova Shirinoy Maksudovna — 2026-07-05

This study explores anthropocentric linguistic means that express linguocultural and pragmatic orientation in English and Uzbek through the analysis of emotional units. Modern anthropocentric linguistics considers language a reflection of human cognition, emotions, culture and communication. Emotional units such as interjections, phraseological expressions, evaluative words, metaphors and discourse markers not only express feelings but also reveal cultural values and communicative intentions. Using a qualitative contrastive approach, this research compares English and Uzbek emotional expressions at lexical, semantic, linguocultural and pragmatic levels. The findings indicate that although emotions are universal, their linguistic expression varies according to national culture and communicative traditions. English emotional expressions generally reflect politeness, emotional restraint, and individualism, whereas Uzbek emotional language emphasizes collectivism, sincerity, respect and social solidarity. The study contributes to anthropocentric linguistics, pragmatics, comparative linguistics and intercultural communication by demonstrating the close relationship between language, culture, and human cognition.

SEMANTICIZATION OF MEDICAL TERMS RECOMMENDED FOR THE EXPLANATORY DICTIONARY OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE AND SPECIALIZED TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES

Buronova Xolida Toshtemirovna — 2026-06-25

This article analyzes the issue of semantization of medical terms in explanatory dictionaries of the Uzbek language and comparatively studies the principles of assigning terms in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language (EDUL)) and special specialized dictionaries. The study covers the lexical-semantic properties of medical terms, paradigmatic relationships, the role of terms in the general and terminological layers, and the criteria for their representation in dictionaries. It also analyzes the issues of classification, definition, and division of medical terms into semantic groups, and the need to differentiate the tasks of an explanatory dictionary and a special dictionary is substantiated. Based on the observations made, the criteria for systematicity, standardization, accuracy, and convenience of semantization of medical terms recommended for EDUL are proposed. The results of the study serve to provide a normative description of medical terms, improve lexicographic practice, and develop terminological culture.

IMPROVING INSTITUTIONAL GOVERNANCE IN THE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM ON THE BASIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCES

Qobilov Voxidjon Zoxidovich — 2026-07-05

The article examines the improvement of institutional governance in the vocational education system through the analytical prism of foreign experiences. It argues that a modern vocational education institution should be understood not merely as an organization implementing curricula, but as an open institutional actor connected with employers, regional development, quality assurance, and digital management. The German dual model, the Swiss partnership architecture, the Finnish competence-based approach, South Korean technical college practices, and Singapore’s SkillsFuture strategy are analyzed as conceptual resources for strengthening institutional autonomy, results-based management, employer partnership, and strategic planning in Uzbekistan.

INFLUENCE OF CANOPY TRAINING SYSTEMS ON CROWN PARAMETERS AND YIELD CAPACITY OF PEACH TREES

Guzal Q. Yuldasheva — 2026-06-24

This study evaluates the impact of various canopy training systems on the productivity and canopy efficiency indexes of "Muyassar" peach cultivar under heat and drought stress in the Fergana Valley. The trials compared Open Center, Bush, Central Leader, and 4-leader "Spanish Bush" systems on clonal rootstocks (4x3 m). The findings indicate that the potential yield capacity is directly determined by canopy geometry. The 4-leader "Spanish Bush" system demonstrated the highest efficiency, achieving a canopy projection index of 5.8 kg/m² (+1.4 kg/m² against control) and a volumetric index of 4.4 kg/m³. Conversely, the Central Leader system showed the lowest projection efficiency (2.8 kg/m²). To optimize photosynthetic activity and maximize yield under climate stress, the 4-leader "Spanish Bush" configuration is highly recommended.

Linguistic Features Of Poetic Works Depicting Disease And Healing

Shakhnoza Islomova Iskandarovna — 2026-07-05

This study examines the linguistic characteristics of poetic works depicting disease and healing from the perspectives of lexical semantics, stylistics, cognitive linguistics, and medical humanities. It explores how poets combine scientific medical terminology with emotionally expressive language to represent the physical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions of illness. The analysis highlights the role of conceptual and embodied metaphors, symbolic imagery, and stylistic devices such as rhythm, repetition, and phonetic patterns in constructing poetic representations of suffering and recovery. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the therapeutic and humanizing functions of poetic discourse, demonstrating how narrative and figurative language reshape experiences of illness, foster empathy, and restore patients' identities beyond clinical descriptions. The findings reveal that the language of disease and healing poetry serves as an interdisciplinary bridge between medicine and literature, integrating scientific precision with aesthetic expression and emotional depth.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION PROCESSES ON THE EFFICIENCY OF BANKING INTERMEDIARY SERVICES AND ITS STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT

Miraxmedov Jasur Isroilovich — 2026-06-24

This thesis analyzes the impact of digitalization processes on the efficiency of banking intermediary services and substantiates approaches to its statistical assessment. The study examines the impact of the share of digital services, transaction dynamics, and operational indicators on efficiency. As a result, an integrated model for the comprehensive assessment of banking activity is proposed.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND THEIR ANALYSIS

Qobilov Voxidjon Zoxidovich — 2026-07-05

The development strategies of vocational education institutions in foreign experience demonstrate that modern vocational education and training (VET) is no longer interpreted only as a narrow institutional mechanism for preparing mid-level specialists. In advanced systems it is understood as a complex socio-economic, pedagogical, technological and governance ecosystem through which states coordinate human capital formation, labour market adaptability, industrial modernization, social inclusion and lifelong learning. The international experience of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Finland, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden and several European Union countries shows that successful VET development is achieved when vocational schools, colleges and technical institutes operate not as isolated educational providers, but as strategic nodes of regional innovation, employer partnership, qualification recognition, digital transformation and quality assurance. Therefore, the central problem of the article is to analyse how foreign strategies for developing vocational education institutions can be theoretically interpreted and methodologically adapted for countries that are modernizing their professional education systems, including Uzbekistan.

The Poetic Function Of The Chronotope In Character Representation In Somerset Maugham’s And Abdulla Kahhor’s Short Stories

Sheralieva Dildora Abduvakhob kizi — 2026-07-02

This study investigates the poetic function of the chronotope in the short stories of Somerset Maugham and Abdulla Kahhor, focusing on its role in shaping character poetics. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the chronotope, the research examines how the interaction of artistic time and space contributes to the representation of literary characters in Maugham’s “Sanatorium” and Kahhor’s “The Patient.” Rather than comparing the stories by plot or motif, the study analyzes each writer’s use of the time-space framework as a poetic device. The findings show that, in both writers’ short fiction, this artistic structure serves as an essential means of revealing characters’ psychological, social, and moral dimensions. However, Maugham primarily emphasizes individual psychological experience, whereas Kahhor foregrounds social reality and historical context, demonstrating both common and distinctive approaches to character poetics.

FORMATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS’ VIRTUAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE DEONTOLOGICAL APPROACH

Sulaymanbekov Oybek Dusbekovich — 2026-06-24

The formation of future teachers’ virtual communication skills in higher education institutions is one of the urgent problems in the field of pedagogy. As a result of the widespread use of digital communication tools and the increase in the volume of online teaching, teachers’ ethical, professional and technical competencies are becoming important. This article analyzes the pedagogical concept of virtual communication, the theoretical foundations and practical mechanisms of the deontological approach. The article focuses on the following issues: the ethics and norms of virtual communication; the professional duties and responsibility of teachers; methods of integrating deontological principles into the educational and upbringing process in higher education; the development of trainings and educational modules; assessment and monitoring systems. Literature analysis, questionnaires and focus groups, expert evaluations and the results of pilot projects were used as research methods. The results show that educational modules and practical classes developed on the basis of the deontological approach significantly improve the virtual communication culture, empathy and professional boundaries of future teachers at the bachelor’s and master’s levels. The article presents proposals for pedagogical procedures: introducing a deontological component into curricula, implementing real-situation simulations, creating online platforms for continuous professional development, and standardizing assessment criteria. This study shows real practical ways to develop modern, ethically grounded virtual communication competencies in higher education institutions.

Socio-Behavioral Risk Factors for Neurological Complications in Residents of the Pre-Aral Area with Primary Hypothyroidism

Bakhadirova M.A. — 2026-07-05

Socio-behavioral factors play an important role in the course of primary hypothyroidism and may contribute to the development of neurological complications, especially in ecologically unfavorable regions. This study aimed to assess socio-behavioral risk factors for neurological complications among residents of the Pre-Aral Area with primary hypothyroidism. The research was conducted at the Khorezm Regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center during 2023–2025 and included 143 participants divided into four groups: patients with primary hypothyroidism living in the Pre-Aral Area with neurological complications, patients with primary hypothyroidism living in the same region without neurological complications, patients with primary hypothyroidism living outside ecologically unfavorable territories, and practically healthy controls. Socio-behavioral factors such as education level, dietary habits, use of iodized salt, adherence to levothyroxine replacement therapy, regular medical follow-up, physical activity, harmful habits, occupational exposures, chronic stress, comorbidity, and disease duration were assessed. Clinical-neurological examination and thyroid status evaluation were performed in all participants. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0, including correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

The results showed that residents of the Pre-Aral Area had a less favorable socio-behavioral profile, characterized by insufficient use of iodized salt, low consumption of fish, seafood, vegetables, and fruits, a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions, metabolic disorders, chronic stress, and occupational hazards. The most unfavorable combination of risk factors was observed in patients with primary hypothyroidism and neurological complications. Regular use of iodized salt and iodine-rich foods was lower among residents of the Pre-Aral Area, while dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, chronic stress, and professional exposure to dust or chemicals were more common in the main group. These findings indicate that socio-behavioral and environmental factors may aggravate the course of primary hypothyroidism and increase the risk of neurological complications. The results support the need to include nutritional correction, iodine prophylaxis, metabolic risk reduction, stress assessment, and regular medical monitoring in early prevention programs for residents of the Pre-Aral Area with primary hypothyroidism.

THE ROLE AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES IN THE SPIRITUAL AND MORAL PERFECTION OF A PERSON

Temirov Akmal Zokirovich — 2026-07-02

This article philosophically analyzes morality, its content and essence, and its connection with universal human values in human life and the development of society. The fact that moral culture is the foundation of a person’s spiritual perfection, as well as the issues of the inseparability of knowledge and morality, are highlighted. The study comparatively analyzes the views of the ancient thinker Aristotle and Abu Nasr Farabi, a great representative of Eastern philosophy, on moral virtues, happiness and virtuousness. The dangers and vices that knowledge separated from morality brings to society are substantiated with modern examples.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING MEDIA LITERACY COMPETENCIES BASED ON DIGITAL PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES

Masharibova Lobar Rayimberganovna — 2026-06-24

This article analyzes the role and significance of digital pedagogical technologies in developing media literacy competencies. In particular, the methodology for developing students' critical thinking, information analysis, and media content evaluation skills based on Flipped Classroom, Project-Based Learning, and modern digital tools is highlighted.

Theoretical And Methodological Basis Of Innovative Development Of Ecotourism

H.K. Khalilov — 2026-07-05

This article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of ecotourism in the global and national economy based on innovative approaches. The economic nature of the concept of ecotourism is highlighted, and the mechanisms of introducing innovations (digital technologies, “green” infrastructure, ecological certification) into the field are analyzed. Also, on the basis of official statistical data of the Tourism Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the last 5 years (2021-2025), the dynamics of ecotourism subjects in our country and its impact on gross economic indicators were evaluated. At the end of the research, practical proposals and recommendations for innovative management of ecotourism destinations were developed.

THE CONCEPT OF IDENTITY AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PHENOMENON: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND LITERARY REPRESENTATION

Zairova Nargiza Yuldashevna — 2026-06-25

The concept of identity, as a central category in contemporary psychology, sociology, philosophy, and literary studies, constitutes a multilayered phenomenon that demands comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis. This article examines three fundamental principles of identity: the principle of conscious personal integrity (E. Erikson), the principle of multiple identities (H. Tajfel, J. Turner), and the principle of social constructivism (P. Berger, T. Luckmann). Particular attention is devoted to the literary representation of the identity concept in the works of N. Scott Momaday and T. Kaipbergenov.

INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IDEAS INTO CHEMISTRY EDUCATION THROUGH A REAL-LIFE DECISION-MAKING MECHANISM

Akbarova Saidakhon Rustamovna — 2026-07-05

This article addresses the problem of integrating sustainable development ideas into chemistry education through a mechanism that supports students' real-life decision-making. Chemistry curricula increasingly reference sustainability and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), yet students often struggle to connect green-chemistry principles to concrete, everyday decisions, and classroom approaches rarely provide an explicit procedure for weighing competing sustainability-related criteria. Drawing on a multi-criteria optimization model of decision-making, context-led approaches to chemistry teaching, argumentation-based justification of scientific claims, and recent green-chemistry decision-making tools linked to the SDGs, this article develops and substantiates a four-stage mechanism — context selection, criteria identification and weighting, generation and rating of chemistry-based alternatives, and weighted decision with scientific justification. For each stage, the article proposes concrete instructional tools and illustrates their application through a worked example comparing packaging materials for a school cafeteria. The article is conceptual and methodological in nature: it proposes and theoretically justifies an instructional mechanism rather than reporting the results of an empirical trial. The article concludes with practical recommendations for chemistry teachers and outlines the design of an empirical study that would be needed to verify the mechanism's effectiveness in practice.

METHODOLOGICAL MODEL FOR DEVELOPING ANALYTICAL THINKING THROUGH A MENTORSHIP APPROACH IN TEACHING HYGIENE IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERNIZATION OF MEDICAL EDUCATION

Osbayov Muhammadjon Imaraliyevich — 2026-06-24

This article presents a methodological model for developing analytical thinking through a mentorship-based approach in hygiene education within the context of the modernization of medical education. The study analyzes the importance of mentorship and innovative pedagogical technologies in enhancing medical students’ professional competence, fostering independent thinking, and developing problem-solving and analytical skills. The structure, principles, and stages of the methodological model aimed at developing analytical thinking are also substantiated. The findings indicate that the mentorship-based approach and the proposed methodological model are effective tools for improving the professional competence of medical students.

Formalizability As A Criterion: Linguistic Paradigms And The Annotation Of Simple Sentences In Typologically Contrasting Languages

Khamdamova Dilnoza — 2026-07-05

The paper compares four contemporary linguistic paradigms generative, functional, cognitive, and typological as applied to the analysis of the simple sentence, and evaluates them against the criterion of formalizability for corpus annotation. Drawing on parallel English and Uzbek examples, it is argued that no single paradigm provides a comprehensive account of sentence structure and that an integrative framework offers the most productive basis for the syntactic annotation of typologically contrasting languages.