Next Scientists Conferences

Acmeological Factors In The Formation Of Students’ Conflictological Competence

2026-08-12T09:24:34+00:00

This thesis examines the acmeological factors that contribute to the formation of students’ conflictological competence in higher education. Conflictological competence is interpreted as an integrated personal-professional quality combining knowledge of conflict, analytical thinking, emotional self-regulation, constructive communication, responsible decision-making, and reflection. The study uses theoretical analysis, comparison, synthesis, and pedagogical modeling. The results show that professional motivation, self-knowledge, reflexivity, self-regulation, goal-setting, experience-based learning, and systematic feedback are key acmeological factors. Their integration transforms conflict-management preparation from the acquisition of isolated techniques into a process of conscious personal and professional development. The acmeological approach also enables students to use conflict situations as resources for self-correction and professional maturity.

The Content Of Integrative-Cognitive Tasks And Their Distinctive Features From Traditional Tasks

2026-08-31T12:23:22+00:00

The contemporary education system is increasingly emphasizing approaches that correspond to the requirements of modern education, moving beyond the framework of traditional educational practices. This article examines the essence of tasks as educational tools based on the integration of competency-based, integrative, and cognitive approaches, which reflect the demands of contemporary education. In particular, the study highlights the distinctive features of integrative-cognitive tasks and analyzes the ways in which they differ from traditional tasks.

Typology Of Women's Images In The Uzbekistan Heroic Epic And Their Educational Content

2026-09-13T11:36:13+00:00

The article proposes an integral typology of female characters in the Uzbek heroic epic based on the material of the epics "Alpomish" and "Rustamkhon". On the criteria of the character's family and social status, her function within the plot, and the moral value she embodies, four types are distinguished: the mother (Huroyim), the faithful beloved (Barchin, Oftoboy), the devoted helper (Khimchaoyim, Tovka, Qaldirghoch, the forty bondwomen), and the negative "maston" character (Momagul, Surkhayil). The value embodied by each type and its educational function are determined through quotations from the epic texts and the analysis of episodes. It is substantiated that the "anti-ideal" mechanism of the negative character forms a criterion of moral judgement in the young generation through polarisation with the positive characters. Since the devoted-helper type includes bondwomen, the necessity of a critical interpretation of this group is emphasised separately. Possibilities of applying the typology in literature lessons, educational hours and family upbringing are shown. The conclusions are significant for the theory of national upbringing and for the study of the pedagogical potential of folklore.

Didactic Foundations For Developing Students’ Creative Thinking In The Process Of Educational Research

2026-09-23T09:29:06+00:00

This article analyzes the issue of developing students' creative thinking during the course of learning research from a didactic perspective. The aspects of a learning investigation that distinguish it from simple knowledge acquisition activities are highlighted, as is the student's participation in the process of independently understanding the problem, asking questions, formulating hypotheses, searching for various solutions, comparing results, and drawing conclusions.

Methods Of Developing Reading Literacy Among Pupils Through Folklore For Future Primary School Teachers

2026-09-24T17:06:19+00:00

This article presents methodological recommendations for future primary school teachers on the use of folklore genres in developing pupils’ reading literacy, as well as methods for applying them in the teaching process.

Principles Of Developing Linguistic Competence In University Students

2026-08-11T08:29:24+00:00

The present thesis examines the fundamental principles of developing linguistic competence in university students learning English as a foreign language. Linguistic competence is interpreted as an integrated system of phonological, lexical, grammatical, orthographic, semantic, and discourse knowledge that enables learners to understand and produce accurate language forms. The study focuses on the principles of systematicity, communicative orientation, contextualization, consciousness, continuity, differentiation, integration, and practical applicability. The findings show that the effective development of linguistic competence requires a balanced combination of language knowledge and communicative practice. Particular attention is paid to the organization of instructional materials, the sequence of linguistic content, the use of authentic contexts, and the role of formative assessment. The thesis concludes that linguistic competence develops successfully when language units are taught not as isolated elements but as interconnected means of expressing meaning in real communicative situations.

Didactic Possibilities Of Using Alexander Neill’s Ideas Of Free Education In The Process Of English Language Teaching

2026-08-13T12:14:59+00:00

This article examines the didactic possibilities of adapting Alexander Sutherland Neill’s ideas of free education to contemporary English language teaching. The study proceeds from the premise that Neill’s philosophy should not be mechanically transferred from the historical context of Summerhill School into present-day classrooms; rather, its core principles—freedom with responsibility, respect for learner agency, voluntary and meaningful participation, democratic interaction, emotional safety, and the rejection of unnecessary coercion—can be pedagogically reinterpreted in accordance with the aims of communicative and learner-centred language education. The article analyses the conceptual relationship between Neill’s educational thought and the theories of learner autonomy, negotiated curriculum, self-determination, and humanistic pedagogy. Particular attention is given to practical didactic mechanisms such as learner choice in tasks and materials, project-based and inquiry-oriented activities, self-assessment, reflective learning, flexible differentiation, collaborative rule-making, dialogic feedback, and the transformation of the teacher’s role from controlling authority to pedagogical facilitator. It is argued that the selective integration of Neillian principles may strengthen intrinsic motivation, communicative initiative, creative language use, critical thinking, self-regulation, and responsibility for learning.

The Effectiveness Of Task-Based Learning In Teaching English

2026-09-03T10:51:03+00:00

The article examines the effectiveness of Task-Based Learning in teaching English to students of non-linguistic specialties. Particular attention is given to the development of speaking accuracy, fluency, complexity, motivation, engagement, and learner autonomy. The study highlights the practical value of task-based instruction in preparing students for academic and professional communication.

Linguocultural Interpretation Of The Functions Of Proper Names

2026-09-14T06:47:26+00:00

Proper names play a key role in the linguistic and cultural system, acting as important elements of the cultural code that reflect the historical, ethnic, and social characteristics of a people. This article examines the functions of proper names from the perspective of linguoculturology based on material from Russian and Uzbek fairy tales. Such functions as nominative, symbolic, emotional-expressive, and identificational are considered. The study emphasizes the significance of proper names as a tool of intercultural communication, as well as their contribution to the development of onomastics and ethnolinguistics. The results of the study open up new perspectives for examining the national characteristics of language and culture in a global context.

The Application Of Interactive And Integrated Methods In Teaching Muhammad Yusuf's Poetry To Primary Education Students

2026-09-23T13:31:53+00:00

This article examines the specific features of teaching the poetry of the outstanding Uzbek poet Muhammad Yusuf to students majoring in Primary Education. Since future primary school teachers will themselves be responsible for introducing young children to the world of literature, their own literary competence, emotional perception, and methodological skill in working with poetic texts require special pedagogical attention. The article substantiates the necessity of applying interactive methods (clustering, brainstorming, role-play, literary quizzes) together with an integrated approach that connects literary analysis with pedagogy, psychology, and methods of teaching native language and reading, in order to prepare competent and creatively minded primary school teachers capable of cultivating aesthetic taste and national values in young learners.

Didactic Criteria For Selecting And Systematizing Medical Mathematical Modeling Problems

2026-08-12T09:14:05+00:00

The thesis presents the criteria for selecting and systematizing mathematical modeling problems with medical content for future physicians. Scientific validity, clinical relevance, progression, systematization, interdisciplinary integration, visualization, and the possibility of digital verification are combined into a unified didactic system. A seven-stage sequence is proposed, consisting of formulating a medical situation, identifying indicators and parameters, constructing a model, performing calculations, checking the result, providing a professional interpretation, and evaluating the limitations of the model. This system forms the scientific and methodological basis of a set of problems developed for the sections of equations and inequalities, derivatives, definite integrals, exponential and logarithmic functions, probability, and statistical modeling.

The Importance Of Ensuring The Stability Of Social Relations In Enhancing Youth Social Activity

2026-08-31T10:53:35+00:00

The article examines the formation of young people’s activity in various spheres of society and the characteristics of their socialization in today’s modern conditions, and provides recommendations and descriptions for their further improvement.

Attempts to Resolve the Food Crisis Aimed at Improving the Material Conditions of the Population in 1917–1920

2026-09-07T06:22:07+00:00

This thesis examines attempts to resolve the food crisis and improve the material conditions of the population in 1917–1920. Particular attention is paid to the causes of food shortages associated with the First World War, the revolutions of 1917, the Civil War, the disruption of transport networks, and the decline of agricultural production. The study analyzes the food policy of the Soviet authorities, including the establishment of state control over food supplies, the introduction of the food dictatorship, compulsory requisitions, and the prodrazvyorstka system. The specific features of the food crisis in Turkestan and measures taken to organize centralized food distribution are also considered. The thesis concludes that although these measures temporarily contributed to supplying cities, the army, and state institutions, they failed to substantially improve the material conditions of the population and aggravated economic difficulties in rural areas.

The Legal Role of Local Kengashes in Regional Socio-Economic Development in Uzbekistan

2026-09-21T11:02:14+00:00

This article examines the evolving constitutional and legal role of local Kengashes of People’s Deputies in the socio-economic development of regions in Uzbekistan. It argues that the constitutional separation between the chairperson of a local Kengash and the hokim has created a new institutional premise for strengthening representative accountability at the territorial level [1]. However, the effectiveness of this reform depends not only on the formal recognition of powers, but also on the existence of clear procedures, adequate institutional capacity, budgetary linkage and legally defined accountability mechanisms [2]. Using doctrinal legal analysis, comparative legal research and an institutional-functional approach, the article analyses Uzbekistan’s national legal framework in light of selected international standards on decentralisation, regional development policy and local governance. The article proposes a balanced model based on four interconnected directions: systematisation of local Kengash competences, procedural regulation of Kengash activity, integration of the programme-budget-oversight chain, and strengthening of analytical, fiscal and participatory mechanisms. The central conclusion is that local Kengashes should be developed not as bodies of merely formal approval, but as constitutionally grounded representative institutions capable of transforming local needs into accountable regional policy [3].

Pragmatic Features Of Wordplay

2026-09-24T16:59:27+00:00

The article examines wordplay as a pragmatic phenomenon and focuses on phraseological neologisms of different degrees of connectedness that arise through play. It classifies the main mechanisms of wordplay, relates the cohesion of playful phraseological units to the traditional typology of phraseology, and describes the inferential mechanisms, the role of context and shared knowledge, and the communicative functions that underlie their interpretation.

Types Of Children With Disabilities And Their Involvement In Inclusive Education

2026-08-13T09:45:06+00:00

Improving educational and upbringing practices, raising them to international standards, and applying scientific innovations in practice remain among the most important contemporary tasks. Children with substantial educational needs constitute a significant proportion of children requiring special support. Today, it is particularly important to create an accessible and supportive learning environment for children with special educational needs in inclusive education and during long-term medical treatment, and to foster educators’ willingness to acquire the knowledge required for personal readiness and pedagogical support when working with children who need special attention.

Developing Critical Thinking Through English Language Activities

2026-09-03T10:33:22+00:00

Critical thinking is an essential competence that enables learners to analyze information, evaluate arguments, identify assumptions, compare viewpoints, and make reasoned judgments. English language education provides favorable conditions for developing these abilities because language activities naturally involve interpretation, communication, problem solving, and expression of personal viewpoints. This thesis examines the pedagogical potential of English language activities for developing critical thinking. A qualitative analysis of established research on critical thinking and English as a foreign language was conducted. The findings indicate that discussion, debate, problem-solving tasks, critical reading, argumentative writing, questioning, peer feedback, and reflective activities can simultaneously strengthen language proficiency and higher-order thinking. Effective integration requires purposeful task design, meaningful communication, evidence-based reasoning, and teacher guidance.

The Didactic Conditions For The Use Of The Technology Of Moral Dilemma And Discussion (On The Example Of Historical Material)

2026-09-14T06:22:07+00:00

Drawing on historical material, the article analyses the didactic conditions for the use of the technology of moral dilemma and discussion. A six-stage structure of the technology is elaborated, specifying for each stage the task, the action of the teacher, and the potential risk together with the means of eliminating it. The method of moral education through image and situation in the legacies of Yusuf Khass Hajib and Abdulla Avloniy is compared with the research of L. Kohlberg, E. Turiel, J. Rest, D. Hess and A. Reisman. Two principal methodological risks of moral evaluation in the history lesson — anachronism and presentism — are analysed, and three didactic conditions for their elimination are substantiated. Criteria for the selection of a historical dilemma are elaborated.

The Contribution Of E.V.Rtveladze To The Study Of Ancient Statehood And Historical And Cultural Processes In Uzbekistan

2026-09-23T11:25:24+00:00

This article examines E.V.Rtveladze’s contribution to the study of ancient statehood and historical-cultural processes in Uzbekistan. It highlights his research on Bactria, Tokharistan, the Kushan period, Kampyrtepa, historical geography, and numismatics. The study also evaluates the significance of his archaeological research in reconstructing the political and cultural history of ancient Central Asia.

The Issue Of Female Identity And Self-Awareness In The Works Of Margaret Drabble And Khurshid Dustmuhammad

2026-08-12T09:08:15+00:00

This thesis examines female identity and self-awareness in the works of Margaret Drabble and Khurshid Dustmuhammad. Focusing on The Millstone, Jerusalem the Golden, Mahzuna, and Shabada, it compares how female characters develop individuality through personal choice, family relationships, moral values, and social pressures. The study shows that Drabble emphasizes independence and self-realization, while Dustmuhammad highlights dignity, national values, and psychological resistance. Both writers portray female identity as a dynamic process shaped by inner conflict and interaction with society.

Artistic and Aesthetic Principles of Creating the Teacher Character in the Works of Abdulla Qahhor and O‘tkir Hoshimov

2026-08-21T10:49:02+00:00

This article provides a comparative and typological analysis of the artistic and aesthetic principles involved in creating the character of an intellectual teacher in the works of prominent figures of Uzbek literature, Abdulla Qahhor and O‘tkir Hoshimov. The study highlights the individual styles, artistic craftsmanship, and methods of revealing character psychology employed by the authors in shaping the image of a teacher. A comparative analysis is conducted on how the social and spiritual problems of the era were reflected through the school environment and the teacher's character in the prose of both writers, and the distinct features of their aesthetic ideals are identified.

Methods Of Developing Cognitive Skills In 4–5-Year-Old Children Through Children’s Folklore

2026-09-07T06:02:17+00:00

This study examines the pedagogical potential of children’s folklore for developing cognitive skills in 4–5-year-old children, drawing primarily on Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Particular attention is paid to perception, sensorimotor schemes, intuitive thinking, symbolic function, and the transition from reproductive skills to productive cognitive activity. Riddles, fairy tales, counting rhymes, tongue twisters, and movement songs are considered not merely as cultural texts, but as pedagogical tools that can encourage children to perceive, compare, remember, predict, transform, and transfer acquired modes of action to new situations. Based on theoretical content analysis and pedagogical modelling, a four-stage model of folklore-based cognitive activity is proposed.

Global Culture And Its Impact On National Identity

2026-09-16T07:22:48+00:00

This thesis provides a socio-philosophical analysis of the impact of global culture, which is taking shape under the conditions of globalization, on national identity, in particular on the process of Uzbek national self-awareness. The information and communication, consumer, linguistic and value layers of global culture are examined, as well as the channels through which it influences national identity. The analysis substantiates that global culture exerts integrating and assimilating effects simultaneously. The role of education, family upbringing, the digital environment and national cultural heritage in preserving national identity is demonstrated.

Isolation Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes From Soil By The “Galleria Trap” Method And Their Efficacy Against The Cotton Bollworm (Helicoverpa Armigera)

2026-09-24T16:52:42+00:00

Entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated by the Galleria trap method from 60 soil samples collected in Urtachirchik and Yukorichirchik districts of Tashkent region, and their efficacy against cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.) larvae was assessed. 20.0% of samples were positive (9 Steinernema, 3 Heterorhabditis isolates). Steinernema sp. OCh-2 at 100 IJs/larva caused 92.5% mortality after 72 h (LC₅₀ = 20.4 IJs/larva).

The Unity Of Story Architectonics And The Writer’s Thinking

2026-08-12T09:39:52+00:00

This article examines the stories of Franz Kafka and Uzbek writers devoted to symbolic and allegorical interpretation. It compares the pathos of reality narrated through the language of symbols and the synthesis of changes in the writer’s spiritual world.

Opportunities for Using Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technologies to Improve the Efficiency of Manufacturing Enterprises

2026-09-02T05:53:24+00:00

Artificial intelligence and digital technologies are changing the operational and managerial models of manufacturing enterprises. The purpose of this thesis is to determine how AI, the Industrial Internet of Things, data analytics, digital twins and integrated information systems can improve production efficiency. The research uses system analysis, comparative analysis and synthesis of scientific and institutional sources. The results show that the greatest effects are associated with predictive maintenance, intelligent quality control, adaptive production planning, resource optimization and real-time decision-making. However, economic benefits depend on reliable data, technological integration, cybersecurity, employee competencies and measurable performance indicators. AI-based transformation should therefore be implemented as an integrated efficiency-improvement mechanism rather than as isolated automation.

Lexical-Semantic Analysis Of Expressions Of Sadness In Uzbek And English

2026-09-14T05:56:19+00:00

This article provides a comparative lexical-semantic analysis of expressions of sadness in Uzbek and English. The study examines the semantic structure, synonymic relations, phraseological units, and linguocultural characteristics of lexical units expressing sadness. Particular attention is paid to the similarities and differences in the representation of sadness in the two languages. The findings demonstrate that although sadness is a universal human emotional state, its linguistic expression is closely connected with the cultural values, worldview, and social experience of a particular community.

Emotional Intelligence As A Socio-Psychological Factor In The Formation Of Teachers’ Professional Image

2026-09-23T10:21:36+00:00

This article examines emotional intelligence as a significant socio-psychological factor in the formation of teachers’ professional image. The theoretical analysis is based on major approaches to emotional intelligence, including the ability model developed by P. Salovey and J.D. Mayer and subsequent conceptual developments in the field. Particular attention is given to the relationship between emotional awareness, emotion regulation, empathy, interpersonal communication, professional self-regulation, and students’ perception of the teacher. The article argues that emotional intelligence contributes to the formation of a coherent professional image by facilitating constructive communication, emotional stability, empathy, conflict management, and psychologically supportive pedagogical interaction.

Improving the Methodology for Developing the Research Activities of Higher Education Students

2026-09-28T12:56:46+00:00

This article discusses the role of modern pedagogical technologies in developing students' research abilities. It also examines how innovative teaching methods help students improve independent thinking, analytical skills, and scientific inquiry.

Ustrushona In Antiquity And The Early Middle Ages: An Analysis Of Written Sources

2026-08-12T07:50:33+00:00

This paper analyzes the historical and geographical description of the region of Ustrushana based on ancient and early medieval written sources. It examines the names, territorial boundaries, political status, trade routes, and the historical significance of Khavos as reflected in Chinese, Sogdian, and Arabic-Persian sources. In addition, the study evaluates the scholarly importance of these written sources for reconstructing the history of Ustrushana.

Innovative Approaches To Improving The Methodology Of Teaching Mathematics In General Secondary Schools

2026-08-19T09:03:50+00:00

This thesis investigates the transformation of mathematics teaching methodology in the modern educational system, focusing on the role of innovative pedagogical technologies in developing logical and abstract thinking among students. It analyzes the problems of abandoning traditional rote-learning systems, integrating mathematical concepts with real-life practices, and ensuring interdisciplinary integration.

Transformation In English–Uzbek Legal Translation: Lexical And Structural Reconstruction

2026-09-07T05:42:24+00:00

Translating legally significant information between languages with different lexical, grammatical, and syntactic structures is known as legal translation. It is frequently impossible to replicate a legal expression's formal structure in English–Uzbek translation without making changes. Therefore, translators use a variety of modifications to preserve the legal content of the source text while adapting legal language to Uzbek linguistic standards. The lexical, syntactic, and information-structural changes in English-Uzbek legal translation are examined in this study. The arrangement of fixed legal formulations, modifications to grammatical structure, lexical adaptation, and information expansion or compression are all given special consideration.

Phytocenological Structure, Population Abundance And Conservation Priorities Of Phlomoides Anisochila And Phlomoides Sogdiana In The Nuratau Mountains

2026-09-14T07:56:57+00:00

This study compares the phytocenological position, local abundance and conservation significance of the rare endemic species Phlomoides anisochila (Pazij & Vved.) Salmaki and Phlomoides sogdiana (Pazij & Vved.) Salmaki in the Nuratau Mountains of Uzbekistan. Field investigations were conducted in 2019–2023 using route surveys, geobotanical descriptions, herbarium collection and abundance estimation according to the Drude scale. Ten local populations were examined: four of P. anisochila and six of P. sogdiana. Both species occur mainly at 1000–1800 m a.s.l. on dry, gravelly and stony slopes. P. anisochila was recorded chiefly in mixed-herb–wormwood and wormwood–almond communities and usually showed sp or sol abundance. P. sogdiana occurred in a broader range of mixed-herb, wormwood and thorny-almond communities and reached cop1 in some stands. The studied P. sogdiana associations contained 11–31 species and 18–43% total vegetation cover. Conservation assessment shows that P. anisochila has an extremely restricted distribution and small fragmented populations, while P. sogdiana is more widespread but is also declining under grazing, tourism, drought and habitat transformation. The results demonstrate that community position and local abundance should be integrated with spatial criteria when planning conservation of endemic Phlomoides species.

The Artistic Interpretation Of Memory, Spiritual Heritage, And Human Will In The Novella

2026-09-23T13:43:22+00:00

This thesis examines Said Ahmad’s novella “Kiprikda qolgan tong” from artistic-aesthetic and spiritual-psychological perspectives. It analyzes the central place in the work of such issues as the fate of the writer and the individual, memory and death, the relationship between father and child, women’s fortitude, the creator’s moral responsibility, the preservation of literary heritage, and human will in the face of severe trials. It is shown that the events in the novella are interpreted not merely as biographical memory, but as a means of understanding the spiritual value of human life and creativity. In particular, through the image of Umida, the idea of immortalizing the father in memory is revealed; through the image of Zuhro, loyalty and endurance; and through the image of O‘lmas Umarbekov, the idea that the creator does not abandon the pen even in the face of death. The compositional structure of the work, the poetics of memory, psychological depiction, symbolic images and lyrical digressions, as well as the artistic and semantic function of the title “Kiprikda qolgan tong,” are analyzed. As a result of the study, the novella is evaluated as one of the important prose works in Uzbek literature that combines memory and human spirituality.

The Interpretation Of Moral Virtues And Social Values In Tanvir Ul-Ahdoq Fi Makorim Ul-Axloq

2026-08-12T09:29:00+00:00

This thesis examines the interpretation of moral virtues and social values in Abdurahmon Sayyoh Toshkandiy’s Tanvir ul-ahdoq fi makorim ul-axloq. The study focuses on the philosophical relationship between individual moral perfection and social order. Historical-philosophical, hermeneutic, and conceptual methods are applied to analyze the categories of wisdom, courage, temperance, justice, education, family responsibility, labor, and social cooperation. The findings show that Toshkandiy considers morality not merely a system of personal qualities but a foundation of harmonious social relations. Virtuous conduct emerges through the rational regulation of human faculties and is realized in family, educational, professional, and civic relationships. The work consequently combines Islamic ethical principles with the enlightenment-oriented social concerns of early twentieth-century Turkestan.

Pedagogical Opportunities Of The Communicative Approach In Preparing Future Teachers For Mediation Activities

2026-08-31T12:49:40+00:00

This thesis examines the pedagogical opportunities of the communicative approach in preparing future teachers for mediation activities. It focuses on developing active listening, questioning, paraphrasing, empathy, negotiation, and reflective communication skills. The findings show that role-playing, simulated mediation, collaborative problem solving, and reflective feedback effectively combine communicative and mediation training. The communicative approach helps future teachers develop both theoretical knowledge and practical skills for managing communication and resolving interpersonal conflicts constructively.

Peculiarities of Nonverbal Communication

2026-09-14T05:05:06+00:00

This article provides detailed information about the peculiarities of nonverbal communication, in particular sign language and its role in speech.

Methodology For Developing Coordination Abilities Of Young Badminton Players Through Special Physical Exercises

2026-09-23T09:47:47+00:00

The development of coordination abilities is a central condition for the effective technical and tactical preparation of young badminton players. Badminton combines rapid accelerations, multidirectional footwork, sudden braking, lunges, jumps, precise racket control, visual tracking and fast decision-making. These actions require the athlete to continuously regulate body position in space, differentiate muscular effort, maintain dynamic balance and rapidly reorganize movement in response to an unpredictable shuttle trajectory. The purpose of this thesis is to substantiate a practical methodology for developing the coordination abilities of young badminton players through special physical exercises and to identify the principles, exercise groups, progression rules and assessment tools that can be incorporated into regular training. The work is based on an analytical synthesis of contemporary scientific literature on badminton-specific agility, balance, plyometric preparation, core stability, visual reaction and cognitive-motor training. A staged twelve-week model is proposed in which basic movement control is followed by increasingly complex reactive and badminton-specific tasks. The methodology emphasizes age appropriateness, movement quality, variability, bilateral execution, progressive complexity, recovery and transfer from isolated coordination drills to sport-specific footwork and racket actions. Because no new human-subject experiment is reported here, the practical model should be viewed as an evidence-informed methodological framework that can be tested and adapted in sports schools and badminton clubs.

Mechanisms Of Preparing Pre-Service Teachers For Spiritual And Educational Activity: An Integrative Approach

2026-09-28T12:42:34+00:00

Preparing future teachers for the moral and civic formation of learners remains one of the less systematised areas of pre-service teacher education. In Uzbekistan this area is framed as spiritual and educational activity, which covers the teacher’s work on learners’ values, civic responsibility, cultural identity and resistance to destructive information. This paper argues that the effectiveness of such preparation depends less on the number of dedicated courses and events than on the coherence of the mechanisms through which students acquire, test and reflect on this professional role. Using theoretical analysis, comparison of international approaches to value education and pedagogical modelling, the study proposes an integrative framework of five interrelated mechanisms: value-motivational, integrative-content, experiential-practical, partnership and reflective-evaluative. The framework is organised into three stages aligned with the bachelor’s programme and is supplemented by criteria and indicators for diagnosing students’ readiness. The findings can be used to redesign curricula, teaching practice and assessment in pedagogical universities.

Innovative Approaches To Developing Students’ Creative Competencies Through Art-Pedagogical Activity

2026-08-11T08:37:07+00:00

This article analyzes the scientific and theoretical foundations of innovative approaches to developing students’ creative competencies through art-pedagogical activity. The study reveals the pedagogical effectiveness of project-based learning, interactive methods, multimedia technologies, and a creative environment. The art-pedagogical approach is an important means of enhancing creative activity in the educational process. The results show that innovative approaches are of great importance in developing students’ creative thinking and problem-solving competencies.

A Linguocultural Interpretation Of The Axiological Opposition Of Good And Evil In Uzbek And English Fairy Tales

2026-08-13T13:23:32+00:00

This study examines the axiological opposition of good and evil in Uzbek and English fairy tales from a linguocultural perspective. Fairy-tale discourse preserves collective ideas about desirable and undesirable behaviour, moral responsibility, and social norms. Comparative analysis shows that both traditions construct good through kindness, honesty, courage, loyalty, diligence, and justice, while evil is associated with greed, cruelty, deception, envy, and abuse of power. Uzbek tales tend to emphasize respect, patience, family solidarity, and moral reward, whereas English tales often foreground individual initiative, practical intelligence, and personal courage. Thus, the opposition of good and evil functions not only as a narrative conflict but also as a cultural model transmitting values across generations.

Population Composition Of The Villages Of The Syrdarya Basin

2026-09-03T11:00:41+00:00

This article examines the ethnic and linguistic composition of the population of the Syr Darya basin based on written sources and toponymic materials. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of Sogdian- and Turkic-speaking populations and their role in the ethnocultural development of the region.

The Concept Of Historical Memory And National Thought In 21st-Century Uzbek Novels

2026-09-14T07:01:24+00:00

This article examines the artistic and aesthetic interpretation of the concept of historical memory and national thought in twenty-first-century Uzbek novel writing. It analyses the renewal of the principles of addressing historical themes in Uzbek novel writing after the independence period and the reinterpretation of historical reality and the image of the historical personality on the basis of modern artistic thought. Historical memory is considered an important artistic and aesthetic category for understanding national identity, reinterpreting spiritual heritage, ensuring continuity between generations, and shaping historical responsibility. National thought is interpreted on the basis of the interaction between historical experience, national values, spiritual and intellectual heritage, and modern social consciousness. Using Luqmon Burikhon’s Imam Maturidi and Isajon Sultan’s Navoi and Abu Rayhan Beruni as examples, the study analyses the artistic function of the image of the historical personality, the relationship between the historical environment and the individual, the spiritual connection between the past and the present, and the artistic interpretation of historical fact. As a result, it is substantiated that in twenty-first-century novel writing, the approach to history has developed from depicting the past toward understanding its meaning, while historical memory has evolved from retrospective memory into an active artistic and aesthetic category.

Pedagogical Opportunities For Developing Associative Thinking Through Game-Based Technologies

2026-09-23T13:35:42+00:00

This thesis examines the pedagogical and psychological opportunities for developing associative thinking among primary school pupils through game-based activities. The content of methods such as associative chains, colors and symbols, associative memorization, and associative pantomime, as well as the mechanisms of their application in the learning process and their impact on pupils’ imaginative thinking, memory, speech activity, and creative exploration, are analyzed. The study also demonstrates the potential of using storytelling-based games such as “Story Cubes” to establish meaningful connections between random images, express ideas coherently, and create independent associations. The integration of game-based tasks with specific learning objectives is substantiated as an important condition for developing associative thinking.

The Issue Of Nafs Discipline In The Ethical Philosophy Of Abdurahmon Sayyoh Toshkandiy

2026-08-12T09:17:31+00:00

This thesis examines the issue of nafs discipline in the ethical philosophy of Abdurahmon Sayyoh Toshkandiy, primarily on the basis of Me’yor ul-axloq and, comparatively, Tanvir ul-ahdoq fi makorim ul-axloq. The research analyzes the relationship between nafs, reason, moral character, human faculties, virtue, and self-education. Historical-philosophical, hermeneutic, and conceptual methods are employed. The findings show that Toshkandiy regards moral maturity as a gradual process in which uncontrolled desires are regulated through reason, knowledge, habituation, self-observation, and ethical education. The concepts of nafs al-ammara, nafs al-lawwama, and nafs al-mutma’inna reflect different conditions of moral consciousness and self-control. Discipline of the nafs is therefore interpreted not as the complete rejection of natural human needs but as their regulation according to moral measure. This conception forms an important foundation of Toshkandiy’s understanding of human perfection.

Pedagogical Opportunities For Educating Students In The Spirit Of Military Patriotism Based On Spiritual And Moral Values

2026-08-31T10:56:54+00:00

This article highlights that educating students in the spirit of military patriotism on the basis of spiritual and moral values contributes to strengthening the socio-spiritual stability and defense capability of society, the process of spiritual and moral values, national self-awareness, patriotism, courage, devotion, and the formation of a sense of duty, as well as methods of educating students in the spirit of military patriotism on the basis of spiritual and moral values aimed at developing essential life knowledge, skills, abilities, and strong will, including high spiritual and moral qualities, combat spirit, and civic virtues, and methods and techniques that influence their consciousness, psyche, and activity. The didactic opportunities of pedagogical science create broad possibilities for educating students in the spirit of military patriotism on the basis of spiritual and moral values, and through the effective use of theoretical knowledge, educational activities, and information technologies, such important qualities as loyalty to the Motherland and readiness for military service are reflected in students.

The Participation Of Arab Ethnic Groups In The Ethnic Processes Of The Region

2026-09-09T09:58:50+00:00

This article examines the participation of Arab ethnic groups in the ethnic processes that took place in the region. The ethnic processes of the region are analyzed in connection with political-historical changes, migration, the mixing of population, economic and cultural ties, and the mutual integration of ethnic groups.

Enhancing Oral Fluency Competence In Future English Teachers Through Artificial Intelligence Tools And A Differentiated Approach

2026-09-23T07:46:34+00:00

Oral fluency competence represents a fundamental yet persistently elusive outcome in the training of future English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. Traditional instructional methodologies, constrained by the temporal and practical limitations of the physical classroom, often prove insufficient to meet the diverse proficiency needs of pre-service educators. This article critically analyzes the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools within a structured Differentiated Instruction (DI) framework as a transformative pedagogical strategy to refine oral fluency development. It explores how AI-powered speech recognition, intelligent tutoring systems, and natural language processing chatbots can personalize pronunciation coaching, provide immediate corrective feedback, and create psychologically safe, simulated immersion environments. When combined with tiered content delivery, flexible grouping, and multimodal practice, this methodology transcends the barriers of large class sizes and learner heterogeneity. The article proposes a refined implementation model that positions AI not as a replacement for human interaction, but as an indispensable cognitive partner that amplifies the teacher’s capacity to orchestrate a truly learner-centered, fluency-driven pedagogical ecosystem.

The Artistic Interpretation Of The Light And Darkness Motif In The Chronotope Of Ulysses And Gorogly, Or The Water Of Life

2026-09-24T17:03:17+00:00

This paper offers a comparative analysis of the artistic-semantic functions of the light and darkness motif within the chronotope of James Joyce's “Ulysses” and Nazar Eshonqul's “Gorogly, or the Water of Life”. The study takes motif theory and M. Bakhtin's concept of the chronotope as its methodological foundation. It is argued that in the literary text, light and darkness are not merely opposing symbols but a dynamic motif whose meaning shifts through interaction with the protagonist's consciousness, with space and time, and with the social environment. In “Ulysses”, the chronotope of the city of Dublin and of a single day unites the characters' external movement with their inner stream of consciousness, whereas in “Gorogly, or the Water of Life” the socio-institutional space appears as an environment that constrains the individual's existential experience. The comparative analysis establishes that the light and darkness motif performs distinct poetic-semantic functions in the two works.

Social Attitude Through Image And Character In The Prose Of J. London And U. Hoshimov

2026-08-13T10:20:15+00:00

This article examines how Jack London and Utkir Hoshimov express their attitudes toward society through the images and characters they create in their prose. Drawing on London’s Martin Eden and Hoshimov’s Ikki eshik orasi (Between Two Doors), the study applies comparative-typological and descriptive-analytical methods to identify how each writer encodes social criticism, belonging, and alienation in character behavior. The findings show that London’s characters embody an individualist, often confrontational stance toward a stratified, competitive society, while Hoshimov’s characters express attitude toward society through collective belonging, mutual responsibility, and quiet endurance within a close-knit community. Both authors use character and image not merely to entertain but as vehicles of implicit social commentary, though the moral direction of that commentary differs sharply between the two literary traditions. The results are of value for comparative literature studies and for teaching world literature in higher education.

Gamification in English Language Teaching

2026-09-03T10:39:18+00:00

Gamification has become an increasingly significant pedagogical approach in English language teaching because it combines instructional objectives with game-design elements such as points, badges, levels, challenges, progress indicators, and immediate feedback. This thesis examines how gamification can influence learner motivation, participation, language practice, and achievement. The study is based on qualitative analysis of established research on gamification, second-language learning, and educational psychology. The findings indicate that well-designed gamified activities can strengthen engagement, encourage repeated practice, support vocabulary and grammar acquisition, and create a more interactive learning environment. However, positive outcomes depend on pedagogical alignment, learner characteristics, meaningful feedback, and balanced use of competition and collaboration.

National Thought In Azim Suyun’s Journalism

2026-09-14T06:38:30+00:00

This article analyses the journalistic activity of Azim Suyun, one of the distinctive representatives of modern Uzbek journalism, and his national and spiritual views reflected in the book O‘zlik. The role of journalism in illuminating social life, the problems of the era, human thought, and the spiritual world is discussed. The literary-journalistic interpretation of national thought, the native language, historical memory, independence, the Motherland, national values, and friendship between fraternal peoples in Azim Suyun’s journalism is revealed. In particular, the author’s civic position and journalistic skill are analysed through such materials as “A People Without a Native Language Is a People Whose Light Has Gone Out,” “Ode to Independence,” “May Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Kyrgyz People in Uzbekistan Live Happily,” and “The Spring from Which the Poetess Drank Water.” The structural parts of the book O‘zlik and the specific features of the expression of national identity, spirituality, and the ideas of independence in them are also examined.

Lexical-Stylistic And Contextual-Pragmatic Categories Of Contemporary English-Language Science-Fiction Prose

2026-09-23T13:19:21+00:00

This article systematizes the lexical-stylistic and contextual-pragmatic categories that organize contemporary English-language science-fiction prose. The study adopts an integrative theoretical design combining literary stylistics, cognitive poetics, discourse pragmatics, text-world theory and Uzbek linguopoetic scholarship. The analysis identifies terminology and technolexis, neologism and neosemy, metaphorical modelling, register hybridization, foregrounding and lexical cohesion as the principal lexical-stylistic categories. The contextual-pragmatic level includes deictic reorientation, chronotopic modelling, presupposition, implicature, modality, evidentiality, speech-act organization, focalization and reader inference.

The Artistic Interpretation Of Family–Individual Relationships In The Works Of Margaret Drabble And Utkir Hoshimov

2026-08-12T09:11:07+00:00

This thesis examines the artistic interpretation of relationships between the family and the individual in selected works of Margaret Drabble and Utkir Hoshimov. Despite belonging to different literary and cultural traditions, both writers regard the family as an important environment in which individual identity, moral consciousness, emotional experience, and social responsibility are formed. The comparative analysis focuses primarily on Drabble’s The Millstone and The Radiant Way and Hoshimov’s Dunyoning ishlari and Ikki eshik orasi. The findings demonstrate that Drabble tends to interpret family relationships through individual autonomy, women’s self-realization, psychological conflict, and changing social roles, whereas Hoshimov emphasizes family memory, parental devotion, moral responsibility, and the individual’s connection with communal values. In both writers’ prose, however, the family functions as a complex artistic space in which personal freedom interacts with moral obligation.

The Role Of State And Non-Governmental Sectors In Ensuring The Active Participation Of Girls And Young Women: The Experience Of Scandinavian Countries

2026-08-30T18:24:56+00:00

This article analyses the complementary roles of state institutions and non-governmental organisations in enabling the civic and public participation of girls and young women, using Norway, Sweden and Denmark as comparative cases. Participation is examined through rights-based and empowerment approaches that distinguish presence from real influence. Historical-institutional, comparative, normative-legal and content-analysis methods are applied to academic research, legislation and official policy documents. The findings show that Scandinavian practice is strongest when four mechanisms operate together: permanent channels for youth input, transparent public support for autonomous civil society, gender-responsive access and safety measures, and an accountable feedback loop between proposals and decisions. Norway relies on legally required local youth councils, Sweden combines administrative coordination with public grants, and Denmark draws heavily on consultative bodies and a dense network of youth associations. For Uzbekistan, the article recommends adapting these functions through girl-inclusive local youth bodies, competitive support for girl-led initiatives, reasoned official responses to youth proposals and gender-disaggregated monitoring indicators.

Intertextuality As A Linguopoetic Mechanism In James Joyce's Ulysses

2026-09-07T06:13:52+00:00

This paper examines intertextuality as one of the principal linguopoetic mechanisms employed in James Joyce's Ulysses. Drawing upon modern theories of intertextuality and cognitive stylistics, the study investigates how Joyce constructs a multilayered semantic system through biblical, mythological, historical, literary, and cultural references. Rather than functioning as decorative allusions, these intertextual elements serve as cognitive triggers that activate readers' background knowledge and contribute to the construction of meaning. The paper argues that intertextuality represents one of the defining characteristics of Joyce's modernist poetics and plays a central role in the novel's linguistic complexity.

The Use Of Immersive Technologies In The Study Of Graphic Discipline In Universities

2026-09-21T07:56:39+00:00

The thesis examines the actual application of immersive technologies in the study of graphic discipline in universities. The use of immersive augmented reality technologies in educational activities is analyzed in detail, with the help of which students can observe a three-dimensional figure on a plane from a smartphone and represent a three-dimensional image from a flat image, which contributes to the formation of spatial imagination in them. It is concluded that the use of immersive technologies in education makes it possible to replace traditional teaching methods with more interactive and effective ones.

Creative Approaches To Rendering Slang And Jargon In The Translation Of Fiction

2026-09-24T16:56:17+00:00

This article surveys the range of methods translators draw on when rebuilding slang and jargon in literary texts, with particular attention to strategies capable of holding onto both the original meaning and its social charge once a work crosses a cultural boundary. Working from examples of translation between Uzbek and English fiction, the discussion traces how translators handle language that is socially loaded — language that signals who a speaker is, which group they belong to, and how authentic their voice sounds. The material examined suggests that rendering slang successfully calls on a broad set of compensatory techniques: substituting an equivalent social register, adapting content to local cultural reference points, expanding the text with explanatory material, and, where nothing else will do, coining new expressions altogether. Case material drawn from recent Uzbek prose and its published English versions indicates that reconstructing jargon well is less a matter of matching words than of reproducing the impression and reaction the original language variety would have produced in its own readers. The conclusions offered here add to a broader understanding of how informal, group-marked speech manages to cross from one culture into another without losing what made it functional in the first place.

The Economic, Social, And Spiritual Impact Of Samarkand Markets And Caravanserais On The Lifestyle Of The Population

2026-08-12T09:42:53+00:00

The article presents, in historical sequence, the processes of the economic, social, and spiritual influence of Samarkand markets and caravanserais on the lifestyle of the population. Various factors influencing this process are analyzed.

Sadulla Hakim’s Style Of Creating Portrait Articles

2026-09-03T10:18:04+00:00

The formation and development of the portrait article were determined by the demands of the period at the beginning of the twentieth century: the fact that the lives and works of writers and poets had been insufficiently studied and that information about them was scattered created the need to produce the first examples of one genre or another that would provide comprehensive and generalized information about the artist. Fitrat, Cholpon, and Vadud Mahmud were active in creating examples of portrait articles. They focused on creating portraits of classical poets and contemporary writers whose lives and works had been insufficiently studied, presenting their life paths and creative activity in a generalized form. In this way, the portrait article in Uzbek literary criticism, and later the creation of literary portraits on their basis, gradually became a tradition [1:356]. This source also emphasizes that a portrait article may be created for two different purposes: “To provide, albeit briefly, generalized information based on analysis about a writer’s life and work. Fitrat’s works on such writers as Turdi and Muhammad Salih, Vadud Mahmud’s works on Navoi and Fuzuli, Oybek’s works on G. Gulom and H. Olimjon, as well as Ozod Sharafiddinov’s literary portraits of Gafur G‘ulom, Komil Yashin, Oybek, Sadriddin Ayniy, Abdulla Qahhor, Asqad Muxtor, and Odil Yoqubov can serve as vivid examples of this.

The Representation Of Social And Moral Crisis In Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy's Padarkush: The Role Of Ignorance In Leading To Patricide

2026-09-14T06:10:42+00:00

This article analyzes Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy's drama Padarkush, or The State of an Unschooled Boy (1911) through the lens of social and moral crisis. The study's central aim is to demonstrate that the tragedy of patricide staged in the play is not the outcome of an individual's moral failing, but the structural consequence of a merchant class that systematically devalues learning. Using close reading and socio-historical criticism, the article examines the relationships among the Boy, the Domulla, the Ziyoli (reformist intellectual), and Toshmurod. The findings show that the drama methodically stages the pedagogical vacuum created by the father's rejection of both religious and secular paths to knowledge, and traces how that vacuum becomes crime. The Ziyoli's closing monologue functions as the play's explicit thesis, naming ignorance and neglected upbringing as the direct cause of both the murder and the family's ruin. The article repositions Padarkush as a deliberate pedagogical instrument of Jadid reform.

The Teacher’s Image As A Socio-Psychological Phenomenon

2026-09-23T10:51:43+00:00

This article explores the external and internal aspects of teacher image, analyzing its components and scholarly views on image. Effective methodological approaches to studying image are presented, and definitions of image from various scholars are provided.

Morphometric characteristics and phenotypic differentiation of roach (Rutilus -rutilus) populations in lakes Aydarkul and Zamonbobo

2026-09-29T09:10:23+00:00

This study provides a comparative assessment of the morphometric structure and phenotypic differentiation of roach (Rutilus-rutilus Linnaeus, 1758) populations inhabiting two ecologically contrasting lentic systems of the Aral Sea basin: Lake Aydarkul and Lake Zamonbobo. Field collections were carried out between 2021 and 2025, yielding a total sample of n=170 specimens (Lake Aydarkul, n=95; Lake Zamonbobo, n=75). Morphometric measurements were processed following I.F. Pravdin’s standard procedure. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p<0.001) divergence in body conformation: individuals from the large, open pelagic zone of Lake Aydarkul displayed a streamlined, low-bodied morphotype (maximum body depth H=26.4±0.25%) with a prolonged caudal peduncle (pl=20.6±0.28%), whereas the isolated, shallow, macrophyte-dominated Lake Zamonbobo favored a deep-bodied littoral morphotype (H=30.5±0.32%). These empirical findings demonstrate the range of phenotypic plasticity and micro-evolutionary adaptation of native cyprinid species under differing hydroclimatic regimes.

Coverage Of Women’s Issues In The Periodical Press During The Perestroika Period

2026-08-12T09:03:23+00:00

This thesis examines the coverage of women’s issues in the periodical press of Uzbekistan during the Perestroika period. Particular attention is paid to the socio-economic status of women, their participation in public and political life, difficult working and living conditions, maternal and infant mortality, family problems, and cases of self-immolation among women. The study analyzes how the policy of glasnost enabled the press to discuss previously concealed social problems more openly and critically. It also highlights the role of journalistic articles and essays in revealing the social, economic, and political causes of women’s problems and in shaping public opinion regarding women’s rights and their position in society. The findings show that the periodical press of the Perestroika era became an important platform for bringing women’s problems into public discourse and strengthening attention to their social protection and rights.

Didactic, Pedagogical And Psychological Opportunities For Developing Information Literacy Competence In Primary School Students Through A Creative Approach

2026-08-19T09:32:54+00:00

This article analyzes the didactic, pedagogical, and psychological opportunities for developing information literacy competence in primary school students through a creative approach. Additionally, it highlights the effectiveness of utilizing multimedia tools and interactive teaching methods.

The Role Of Ai Literacy In Developing Efl Students’ Academic Writing Skills

2026-09-07T05:52:48+00:00

The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence into higher education has significantly changed the ways in which students approach academic writing. For learners of English as a foreign language (EFL), artificial intelligence can provide valuable support in brainstorming, planning, drafting, language correction, feedback, and revision. However, effective use of these technologies requires more than technical familiarity. Students need AI literacy that enables them to understand the capabilities and limitations of AI tools, formulate appropriate requests, critically evaluate generated content, verify information, preserve authorial responsibility, and use AI ethically. This article examines the role of AI literacy in developing EFL students’ academic writing skills and discusses its application at different stages of the writing process. Particular attention is given to critical evaluation, academic integrity, source verification, learner autonomy, and the preservation of individual academic voice.

Flowering Biology And Phenological Rhythms Of Phlomoides Anisochila And Phlomoides Sogdiana In The Nuratau Mountains

2026-09-14T08:16:30+00:00

The study presents a comparative analysis of flowering biology and phenological rhythms of the rare and endemic species Phlomoides anisochila (Pazij & Vved.) Salmaki and Phlomoides sogdiana (Pazij & Vved.) Salmaki under the natural conditions of the Nuratau Mountains. Field observations were conducted during 2019–2023 in ten subpopulations, with detailed seasonal and daily flowering records obtained in five subpopulations of each species. Flower opening, duration of individual flowers, total flowering period, vegetation onset, bud formation, seed maturation, air temperature and relative humidity were recorded using established phenological and reproductive-biology methods. The results show that P. sogdiana starts vegetation slightly earlier and flowers from late April to the first decade of May, while P. anisochila generally starts flowering in the first decade of May. The total flowering period was 16–21 days in P. sogdiana and 14–17 days in P. anisochila. Maximum daily flower opening occurred around 12:00–14:00, and the dynamics were more closely associated with increasing air temperature than with relative humidity. The vegetation period lasted 150–155 days in P. sogdiana and 155–160 days in P. anisochila. The field results also indicate that the previously published June–July flowering period for P. anisochila does not correspond to the current phenological pattern in the studied populations. These findings provide a basis for monitoring, conservation planning and ex situ propagation of the two species.

Writing Challenges Of Uzbek Learners Of English

2026-09-23T13:47:05+00:00

Writing is often considered one of the most demanding skills for learners of English as a foreign language. For Uzbek learners, developing effective writing skills can be particularly challenging because of differences between Uzbek and English in grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary use, and academic conventions. This paper discusses the main difficulties commonly experienced by Uzbek learners when writing in English. Particular attention is given to grammatical accuracy, vocabulary selection, sentence structure, coherence and cohesion, and the influence of the learners’ first language. The paper also considers classroom practices that can help learners become more confident and independent writers. It is argued that writing instruction should go beyond correcting grammatical errors and should provide learners with opportunities to plan, draft, receive feedback, revise, and reflect on their writing.

The Emergence And Development Trends Of Samarkand Markets And Caravanserais And The Factors Influencing Them

2026-08-12T09:32:40+00:00

The article examines the emergence and development of Samarkand markets and caravanserais, the trends in their transformation and development, and the factors influencing these processes.

The Artistic Interpretation of Personal Identity in Contemporary Uzbek Poetry (Based on an Analysis of Usmon Azim’s Poem “Iqrorlik”)

2026-09-02T05:35:01+00:00

This article examines the representation of personal identity in Usmon Azim’s poem “Iqrorlik” through the central metaphor of the world as a theatre. The analysis focuses on the lyrical hero’s struggle to preserve an authentic self while confronting social expectations, criticism, fear, and externally imposed roles. The poem interprets identity not as imitation or adaptation, but as loyalty to conscience, faith, destiny, and inner truth. Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical approach is used to explain the relation between social performance and self-presentation[1:15], while Paul Ricoeur’s theory of narrative identity clarifies how the self is formed through choices, trials, and continuity[2:113]. Charles Taylor’s moral concept of identity[3:5] and Anthony Giddens’s idea of the reflexive project of the self further illuminate the hero’s ethical position[4:52]. The study concludes that “Iqrorlik” presents a dramatic-existential model of personal identity grounded in resistance, responsibility, self-recognition, and fidelity to one’s authentic role in contemporary Uzbek poetic philosophical thought.

The System Of Spiritual And Ethical Values Of Epics Of The "Goro'gli" Series: Typology Of Four Axiological Layers

2026-09-14T05:44:31+00:00

The thesis presents, as an integrated system, the moral-spiritual value structure embodied in the “Goʻroʻgʻli” epic cycle across four interrelated axiological layers: courage-valor-patriotism, family-parental respect-generational continuity, loyalty-friendship-humanism, and justice-honesty-diligence. Each layer is grounded in concrete textual examples, including the paired “Loyalty” and “Disloyalty” didactic poems from the “Xiromon Dali” tale. The thesis concludes that the four layers form a linear chain — labor → honest property/word → social trust → a just society — and that this axiological system methodologically complements the six artistic-pedagogical mechanisms (“how education happens”) examined in the author's earlier thesis (“what is being instilled”).

Developing Critical Thinking In Grade 7 Physics Through Tasks Aligned With International Assessment Requirements

2026-09-23T10:11:13+00:00

This conference paper examines a methodological approach to developing Grade 7 students’ critical-thinking competence in physics through tasks aligned with international assessment principles. The approach is based on progressively structured questions, graphical and diagram-based problems, laboratory activities, real-life contexts, and criterion-referenced assessment supported by mark schemes. The proposed task system moves learners beyond recall by requiring them to interpret data, apply physical laws, justify answers, identify cause-and-effect relationships, analyze experimental results, and formulate evidence-based conclusions. Particular attention is given to task formats consistent with the logic of Cambridge Lower Secondary Science, TIMSS cognitive domains, and PISA-oriented application of knowledge in authentic contexts. Examples from mechanics, pressure, thermal phenomena, electricity, and optics illustrate how multi-stage tasks can integrate conceptual understanding, calculation, graphical interpretation, and scientific explanation. The paper argues that transparent assessment criteria and structured feedback can support both objective evaluation and students’ reflection on their own reasoning. The approach may therefore serve as a practical framework for competency-based physics instruction in lower-secondary education.

Lexical-Semantic And Contextual-Pragmatic World-Building In English And Uzbek Science-Fiction Prose: Theoretical Foundations

2026-09-28T12:49:31+00:00

This paper establishes a theoretical basis for comparing the lexical-semantic and contextual-pragmatic representation of fictional worlds in English and Uzbek science-fiction prose. A literature-based synthesis brings genre theory and cognitive stylistics into dialogue with Uzbek systemic lexicology, linguopoetics and pragmalinguistics. Its methodological contribution is a common basis of comparison connecting nomination, semantic organization and contextual interpretation. The proposed approach treats equivalent world-building functions, rather than identical linguistic forms, as the starting point for contrastive analysis.

Formation Of Teamwork Skills In Children Through Reggio Pedagogy

2026-08-11T09:04:44+00:00

The upbringing and education of a child is one of the most important tasks of humanity. Although each period has created its own pedagogical approaches, Reggio Emilia pedagogy, formed in Italy in the second half of the twentieth century, is recognized worldwide as one of the brightest examples of child-centered education. The main idea of this approach is to see the child as an active, creative person capable of freely expressing his or her opinion and to adapt the educational process to his or her needs, interests and rights.

Shared Values Of Eastern And Western Cultures And Their National-Cultural Semantics In The Trilogy Of Pearl S. Buck

2026-08-19T08:51:38+00:00

This thesis examines how values shared by Eastern and Western cultures — labour, family, filial respect, justice, and attachment to the land — are artistically represented in the trilogy of Pearl S. Buck, and how these universal values acquire distinct national-cultural semantics within the Chinese context. Applying narratological and psychopoetic criteria, the study argues that shared values are structured on two inseparable layers: an axiological universality that preserves the human core of a value, and a cultural-semantic particularity that retains its concrete national interpretation. The findings offer a basis for re-evaluating Buck’s prose within cross-cultural poetics.

Archaeological And Written Sources On The Trade Cities Of Khorezm In The 14th–15th Centuries

2026-09-07T05:31:39+00:00

This thesis analyzes the scholarly significance of written sources and archaeological research in studying the role of Khorezm in the international trade system in the 14th–15th centuries. Based on Nizam al-Din Shami’s “Zafarnama”, the accounts of European travelers, and the scholarly works of M.Sh. Qdirniyozov and other researchers, the role of Khorezm in the Great Silk Road and broader Eurasian trade relations is examined. The results of archaeological research conducted in 1958–2025 are also analyzed, revealing their scholarly significance in reconstructing the topography, economic life, trade infrastructure, and political development of the cities of Khorezm.

The Importance Of Communicative Competence In Engineering Activity

2026-09-14T07:37:16+00:00

This paper highlights the importance of communicative competence in adapting information to the audience, coordinating teamwork, and substantiating decisions, and identifies directions for its development through professional situations.

Developing Students’ Skills In Understanding Explicit And Implicit Information In Literary Texts Based On Pisa Tasks

2026-09-23T13:39:14+00:00

The thesis examines the didactic potential of PISA-based reading tasks for developing students’ ability to understand explicit and implicit information in literary texts. Particular attention is given to the transition from locating directly stated information to integrating details, generating inferences, identifying cause-and-effect relations, interpreting characters’ motives, and revealing meanings that are not expressed literally. The study considers reading comprehension as an active process in which students combine textual evidence with contextual knowledge and construct a coherent representation of meaning. It is argued that appropriately designed PISA-type tasks can transform literary reading from reproductive comprehension into evidence-based interpretation. The findings indicate that a gradual progression from literal comprehension to inferential interpretation facilitates deeper engagement with literary texts and contributes to students’ analytical reading, reasoning, and independent interpretation skills.