Translation Issues Of Craftsmanship Realia In English And Uzbek
Keywords:
realia, craftsmanship, UzbekAbstract
Craftsmanship realia—culture-bound terms denoting artifacts, tools, materials, techniques, and social roles within craft traditions—pose persistent challenges in translation between English and Uzbek. This article examines typical problem areas such as partial equivalence, semantic lacunae, polysemy, and connotative load, and evaluates strategies including borrowing with transliteration, calque, descriptive translation, cultural substitution, and hybrid solutions with annotations. Using illustrative pairs like ganchkorlik (gypsum carving), kandakorlik (metal chasing), suzani (embroidered textile), do‘ppi (skullcap), and adras/atlas (ikat silks) vis-à-vis English craft lexemes such as joinery, bespoke, apprentice/journeyman/master, and smithing, the study argues that optimal rendering depends on genre, readership design, and documentary vs. instrumental translation skopos. A principled decision matrix grounded in equivalence theory and terminology management is proposed to balance intelligibility with cultural visibility. The findings indicate that consistent metadata (glossaries, term notes) and paratextual aids enhance transfer accuracy without erasing local color.
References
Vinay J.-P., Darbelnet J. Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais. Paris: Didier, 1958. 331 p.
Nida E. A. Toward a Science of Translating. Leiden: Brill, 1964. 331 p.
Newmark P. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988. 292 p.
Baker M. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. 3rd ed. London; New York: Routledge, 2018. 370 p.
Venuti L. The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. 2nd ed. London; New York: Routledge, 2008. 353 p.
Aixelá J. F. Culture-Specific Items in Translation // Álvarez R., Vidal M. C.-A. (eds.). Translation, Power, Subversion. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1996. P. 52–78.
Leppihalme R. Culture Bumps: An Empirical Approach to the Translation of Allusions. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1997. 236 p.
Fedorov A. V. Osnovy obshchey teorii perevoda. 5-e izd. Moskva: Filologiya tri, 2002. 416 s.
Komissarov V. N. Teoriya perevoda (lingvisticheskie aspekty). Moskva: Vysshaya shkola, 1990. 253 s.
Cabré M. T. Terminology: Theory, Methods and Applications. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1999. 248 p.
