LANGUAGE LEVELS (PHONETICS, LEXICOLOGY, GRAMMAR, PRAGMATICS) AND THE CONTENT OF THEIR MASTERY

Abstract

This article examines the four fundamental levels of language analysis—phonetics, lexicology, grammar, and pragmatics—and the essential content that learners must master to achieve communicative competence. It begins by exploring phonetics as the study of speech sounds, highlighting how articulation and acoustic properties form a foundation for clear pronunciation and effective listening. Next, the discussion shifts to lexicology, focusing on how words are structured, related, and embedded within cultural contexts. The section on grammar outlines the structural rules of language, emphasizing both syntax and morphology as crucial elements for constructing meaningful sentences. Finally, the role of pragmatics is considered, illustrating how social and situational factors shape the way language is used and interpreted. By integrating these interdependent levels, learners can develop a holistic understanding that underpins fluent and contextually sensitive communication.